Understanding Autism: Your Guide to the Diagnostic Process

Navigating the autism diagnostic process can feel overwhelming, but knowing what to expect can help you feel more prepared. Below, we answer common questions about the evaluation process and how to support your child.

What are the first steps in the autism diagnostic process?

“The diagnostic process begins when a parent or caregiver notices differences in a child’s behavior, communication or social skills,” said Kathryn McMullin, L.C.S.W., R.P.T., A.S.D.C.S., therapist at Inspira Autism Diagnostic Center Woodbury. “Concerns may include missed milestones, repetitive behaviors or sensory sensitivities.”

There are also occasions when someone like a family member, daycare worker or teacher has pointed out something they have observed. If this happens, discuss these observations with your child’s pediatrician, who may refer you to a specialist or an autism diagnostic center for further evaluation.

Routine autism screenings are typically completed at 18- and 24-month well visits. However, some issues can get overlooked if they're not mentioned, so talk to your doctor if you have concerns about your child's behavior.

Early intervention services are critical and available from birth to 36 months. If milestones seem delayed, consider seeking an evaluation, which you can initiate yourself by calling your pediatrician’s office or the state’s Early Intervention Program (EIP).

Who conducts an autism evaluation?

An autism evaluation is conducted by a multidisciplinary team of specialists that may include:

• Licensed mental health specialists trained in autism spectrum disorder, such as psychologists, psychiatrists, licensed professional counselors (LPCs), licensed clinical social workers (LCSWs), advanced practice nurses (APNs) and board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs)
• Neurologists
• Developmental pediatricians
• Speech and language pathologists (SLPs)

What does an autism evaluation involve?

Autism evaluations typically include:

• A record review: The evaluators will review physician notes, documentation from any specialists and cognitive and educational assessments. They may also ask for medical history and ask about your child’s daily medication regimen.
• Developmental and behavioral history: Parents and caregivers should provide details on pregnancy, delivery, developmental milestones, feeding and sleep challenges, sensory sensitivities, separation from caregivers, response to affection and overall disposition from infancy through toddlerhood. Family history, including mental health concerns, stressors, trauma exposure and behavioral patterns across settings, is also gathered. Clinicians assess attention, hyperactivity, depression, anxiety and mood as well as safety concerns like suicidal or homicidal ideation, self-injury, thought distortions, hallucinations and elopement. Daily living skills are also evaluated.

• Standardized assessments: Tests like the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI-R) help diagnose accurately. Additional standardized tests may be administered to evaluate specific challenges.

  “Collaboration with doctors, teachers and therapists offers valuable insight into a child’s experiences across settings and informs recommendations,” said Megan Zold, L.C.S.W., A.S.D.C.S., therapist at Inspira Autism Diagnostic Center Woodbury. “While the evaluation process may take time and multiple appointments, this thorough approach ensures accuracy.”

  How should I prepare for an autism evaluation?

  Gather medical records, school reports, therapy notes and medication logs. Input from teachers and other caregivers can also be helpful. Before the initial evaluation, talk to your child about what to expect. Use simple, age-appropriate language to explain the evaluation process and ease any anxiety they may feel.

  What do the evaluation results mean?

  After evaluation and testing is complete, the team will share their findings in a comprehensive report. This report may confirm an autism diagnosis or suggest other clinical findings to support identified challenges. “This report serves as a roadmap for supporting your child’s development, offering resources and recommendations to guide next steps and address areas needing attention or treatment,” said McMullin.

  How can I support my child after an autism diagnosis?

  Understanding your child’s autism diagnosis is the first step in supporting their needs. Here’s how you can help:

  • Follow recommended services: Review the evaluation report for guidance on your next steps, such as applied behavioral analysis (ABA) therapy, speech or occupational therapy, mental health support or alternative treatments.
  • Keep key people informed: Share the report with your child’s school to discuss academic accommodations and update their pediatrician to ensure accurate medical records.
  • Use resources and build connections: Join local autism organizations or parent support groups and explore recommended books, podcasts and blogs to learn strategies for supporting your child.

  • Encourage growth and celebrate progress: Support your child’s journey at their own pace, advocate for their needs and encourage confidence with each milestone. Don’t hesitate to seek help when needed.

    Find an Inspira Autism Diagnostic Center near you.