Navigating Seasonal Affective Disorder During Seasonal Transitions

While many people think of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) as a winter problem, mood disruptions can also happen during the shift from winter to spring or from spring to summer.

Most people know seasonal affective disorder (SAD) as a winter condition, but seasonal mood changes can also happen when the seasons shift. As winter gives way to spring or spring transitions into summer, some people experience depressive symptoms. The less common variant—summer onset SAD—may include symptoms like insomnia, reduced appetite and agitation, differing from the typical winter presentation of oversleeping and increased appetite.

What Is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)?

“SAD is a type of depression marked by recurring mood changes that align with seasonal transitions and holiday demands” said Kristin DellaVecchia, LCSW, VAWC, therapist at Inspira Behavioral Health Bridgeton. “Most cases emerge in the late fall or early winter, with symptoms easing as spring and summer approach. But for some, the shift in daylight and temperature can trigger depressive symptoms during spring or summer as well.” Regardless of when it happens, SAD affects about 6 percent of the U.S. population, with women being significantly more likely to experience it.

Understanding the patterns

While winter onset SAD is more common, characterized by oversleeping, increased appetite, carbohydrate cravings, social withdrawal and weight gain, summer onset SAD can present with insomnia, poor appetite, weight loss, restlessness and increased irritability or aggression. Both share core depressive symptoms—persistent low mood, fatigue and difficulty concentrating—but differ in how changes in light and temperature influence the body’s chemistry. 

“Research suggests that shifts in sunlight exposure during seasonal transitions disrupt the balance of key neurotransmitters like serotonin and hormones like melatonin,” said DellaVecchia. In winter, reduced sunlight can lower serotonin levels and increase melatonin production, which may lead to oversleeping and low energy. The longer summer days and shorter nights might reduce melatonin levels, causing sleep disruptions and heightened agitation. These brain chemistry changes are a major factor behind seasonal mood swings.

Recognizing the signs of SAD

Feeling a bit off is not the same as experiencing SAD. Symptoms of this condition include: 

• Persistent low mood: A pervasive feeling of sadness or emptiness that lasts for several weeks.
• Energy fluctuations: Whether it’s unusual fatigue in the spring or restlessness in the summer, disruptions in energy levels can signal SAD.
• Sleep changes: Noticeable shifts like oversleeping or insomnia that coincide with seasonal transitions. 
• Appetite and weight changes: An increased craving for carbohydrates and weight gain in winter onset SAD or a diminished appetite and weight loss in summer onset SAD. 

• Difficulty concentrating: Trouble focusing on tasks and making decisions can also be a key indicator.

Treatment and management options for SAD

For those navigating seasonal transitions with SAD, several treatment options can help restore balance. As daylight increases, many people benefit from daily exposure to bright, artificial light. Light therapy boxes can help regulate serotonin and melatonin levels. 

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) adapted for SAD (CBT-SAD) can also be effective. This approach focuses on reframing negative seasonal thoughts and establishing routines that promote engaging activities both indoors and outdoors.

Antidepressants, like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, can help address underlying chemical imbalances. Vitamin D supplements may also help, especially for those with a deficiency.

Taking action

“Consider discussing your symptoms with a behavioral health specialist if you have persistent mood changes during seasonal transitions,” said DellaVecchia. “Early diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan can help you manage symptoms and maintain a balanced life throughout the year.”

Inspira’s dedicated behavioral health team can support you through every seasonal change. Whether through light therapy, counseling or a combination of treatment methods, we’re committed to helping you navigate these transitions and improve your overall well-being. 

Learn more about behavioral and mental health care at Inspira.