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Read MoreFrom appendectomies to joint replacements, learn about 10 of the most common surgeries, what they involve and how they can improve your health.
Surgery may sound intimidating, but understanding the most common surgeries can help prepare you for potential procedures. Knowing what to expect can make the experience more manageable and less overwhelming. Here are 10 of the most frequently performed surgeries and what they involve:
1. Appendectomy – General Surgeon
An appendectomy is a procedure that removes the appendix, a small organ located in the lower right abdomen. Appendicitis, or inflammation of the appendix, is the most common reason for this surgery, but an appendectomy can also address appendiceal tumors, severe abdominal trauma or as a preventive measure during other procedures.
“Appendicitis can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea and fever. It requires urgent medical attention,” said Charles McCann, M.D., a general surgeon with a minimally invasive specialty at Inspira Medical Center Mullica Hill. “In most cases, surgeons can perform a laparoscopic appendectomy, making small incisions to remove the organ with minimal scarring and a faster recovery time” After surgery, patients may experience soreness and fatigue but can usually return to regular activities within a few weeks.
2. Gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy) – General Surgeon
Gallbladder removal, or cholecystectomy, is one of the most common surgeries, with approximately 1.2 million procedures performed each year in the United States. Most people who undergo this surgery have gallstones, which can block the bile ducts and cause pain, nausea and digestive issues. Other reasons for gallbladder removal include gallbladder dysfunction and gallbladder polyps.
A cholecystectomy removes the gallbladder to prevent further complications. Your surgeon may be able to perform this procedure with a minimally invasive laparoscopic technique, which allows for a shorter hospital stay and a faster recovery. Patients may need to adjust their diet after surgery to accommodate the absence of the gallbladder, and most people can return to their regular routines within a week.
3. Hernia repair – General Surgeon
“Hernias happen when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle, often causing discomfort or pain,” said Dr. McCann. “Surgery reinforces the area and prevents complications.” Depending on hernia size and location, surgeons can perform hernia repairs through traditional open surgery or laparoscopically. Recovery times vary—some patients can resume light activities within days, and others may need several weeks before engaging in strenuous movement.
4. Cataract surgery – Ophthalmologic Surgeon
Cataracts develop when the eye’s natural lens becomes cloudy, impairing vision. Cataract surgery replaces the damaged lens with a clear, artificial one, improving eyesight. The procedure usually takes under an hour, and patients can return home the same day. Although some blurriness and light sensitivity are common immediately after surgery, most people experience noticeable vision improvement within a few days.
5. Joint replacement – Orthopedic Surgeon
“Arthritis, injury or wear and tear can lead to chronic pain and stiffness in the joints, making movement difficult,” said Daniel Timmerman, D.O., a general surgeon at Inspira Medical Center Elmer and Salem Medical Center. “Joint replacements, such as hip and knee replacements, involve removing the damaged joint and replacing it with a prosthetic one.” These surgeries can enhance mobility and overall quality of life. Recovery includes physical therapy, which helps strengthen the muscles around the new joint. Full recovery can take several months, but many patients experience long-term relief from pain.
6. Cesarean section – OB/GYN surgeon
A Cesarean section, also known as a C-section, is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby when a vaginal birth is not possible or safe. The procedure involves making an incision in the abdomen and uterus to remove the baby safely. Although C-sections are common, they can require a longer recovery period than vaginal births. New parents typically spend a few days in the hospital before transitioning to at-home care, with activity restrictions in place for several weeks.
7. Tonsillectomy – ENT surgeon
“Tonsillectomies are performed to remove the tonsils, typically due to recurrent infections or breathing difficulties,” said Dr. Timmerman. “The surgery is most common in children but is also performed on adults who experience chronic throat infections.” Recovery can be uncomfortable, with a sore throat lasting up to two weeks. Patients are encouraged to eat soft foods, stay hydrated and rest.
8. Hysterectomy – OB/GYN surgeon
A hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus, often required to treat conditions like fibroids, endometriosis or uterine cancer. Depending on the reason for the surgery, doctors may also remove the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Recovery varies based on the surgical approach—minimally invasive techniques allow for a quicker return to normal activities, while open surgeries require a more lengthy healing process.
In addition to physical healing, patients may experience emotional and hormonal changes, especially if the ovaries are removed, which can lead to symptoms like hot flashes, mood swings and changes in bone density. Follow-up care is essential to monitor healing and manage hormonal shifts. Many people benefit from hormone therapy, lifestyle adjustments or support groups to help navigate these changes and maintain overall well-being.
9. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) – Cardiothoracic Surgeon
Coronary artery disease can restrict blood flow to the heart, increasing the risk of heart attacks. A CABG restores blood circulation by using a healthy blood vessel to bypass the blocked artery. “This procedure requires a hospital stay and an extensive recovery process, including cardiac rehabilitation to strengthen the heart and improve overall health,” said Dr. Timmerman. “Long-term lifestyle changes, such as a heart-healthy diet and regular exercise, are often recommended post-surgery.”
10. Skin grafts – General/Plastic Surgeon
Skin grafts can replace damaged or missing skin caused by burns, injuries or surgical wounds. The procedure involves taking healthy skin from another part of the body and attaching it to the affected area. Recovery depends on the size and location of the graft, with ongoing wound care required to prevent infection and ensure proper healing. Some patients may require multiple procedures for optimal results.
Surgery can be a daunting experience, but understanding these procedures can help alleviate fears and prepare you or a loved one for what to expect. Talk to your doctor about any surgery concerns you have. They can provide clarity and reassurance, allowing you to make informed decisions about your health.
